Each Province in Canada manages their own healthcare system. For example, each Province issues their own healthcare identification cards and negotiates with the Federal Government for money to cover their healthcare costs. Each province also provides their own Prescription Drug Benefit Plan, available to every Canadian regardless of income level. The prescription drug benefit is however adjusted for income, with a higher co-payment required for those with higher personal incomes. The prescription drug benefit is very comprehensive and rarely excludes a medication. Where there is a medication excluded, which is needed by a patient, the patient applies for coverage under the plan for that drug using a Section 8 form.

Dental care is not covered by any government insurance plans. Canadians rely on their employers, individual private insurance, or simply pay cash themselves for dental treatments.

The range of services for vision care coverage is widely varied amongst the Provinces. Generally, vision care is covered (cataract surgery, diabetic vision care, some laser eye surgeries required as a result of disease); the main exception is the standard vision test, which patients pay for if they have their eyes tested more than once within a two year period.

Naturopathic services are covered in some cases, but homeopathic services are generally not covered. Chiropractic is partially covered in some Provinces. Cosmetic procedures are not typically covered.